Lactic Acid Fermentation, Urea and Lime Addition - Promising Faecal Sludge Sanitizing Methods for Emergency Sanitation
Anderson, C., Malambo, D. H., Perez, M. E., Nobela, H. N., de Pooter, L., Spit, J., Hooijmans, C. M., de Vossenberg, J. V., Greya, W., Thole, B., van Lier, J. B., Brdjanovic, D. (2015)
Published in: 2015
Pages: 15
Publisher:
Environmental Research and Public Health Journal
Author:
Anderson, C., Malambo, D. H., Perez, M. E., Nobela, H. N., de Pooter, L., Spit, J., Hooijmans, C. M., de Vossenberg, J. V., Greya, W., Thole, B., van Lier, J. B., Brdjanovic, D.
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In this research, three faecal sludge sanitizing methods—lactic acid fermentation, urea treatment and lime treatment—were studied for application in emergency situations. These methods were investigated by undertaking small scale field trials with pit latrine sludge in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was able to reduce the E. coli count in the sludge to below the detectable limit within 1 h applying a pH > 11 (using a dosage from 7% to 17% w/w, depending faecal sludge alkalinity), urea treatment required about 4 days using 2.5% wet weight urea addition, and lactic acid fermentation needed approximately 1 week after being dosed with 10% wet weight molasses (2 g (glucose/fructose)/kg) and 10% wet weight pre-culture (99.8% pasteurised whole milk and 0.02% fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota). Based on Malawian prices, the cost of sanitizing 1 m3 of faecal sludge was estimated to be €32 for lactic acid fermentation, €20 for urea treatment and €12 for hydrated lime treatment.
Bibliographic information
Anderson, C., Malambo, D. H., Perez, M. E., Nobela, H. N., de Pooter, L., Spit, J., Hooijmans, C. M., de Vossenberg, J. V., Greya, W., Thole, B., van Lier, J. B., Brdjanovic, D. (2015). Lactic Acid Fermentation, Urea and Lime Addition - Promising Faecal Sludge Sanitizing Methods for Emergency Sanitation. Environmental Research and Public Health Journal
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English Faecal sludge treatment processes Faeces or faecal sludge
