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The high population density of the cities does not allow families to safely abandon onsite sanitation facilities. This creates a need for a sanitation service chain to safely manage feacal waste. Hence, Shit/Excreta Flow Diagrams (SFD) are being developed as an analysis tool, which illustrates excreta pathways along the sanitation service chain in a city. The main objective of this study is to …
This City Sanitation Planning (CSP) package approach for Dar es Salaam was created in response to the need for a simple, fast and flexible tool for determining “which sanitation solutions go where”. CSP has the following advantages:
• Can keep up with rapid urban growth and is fast to update as new data (e.g. satellite imagery, open-street maps, etc.) becomes available
• Broad and …
(2010)
The SFD graphic and report covers Kakuma town and Kakuma refugee camp. Kakuma town is located in northern Kenya, in the northwestern part of Turkana County approximately 123 km north of the county capital Lodwar and about 100 km east from the border to South Sudan. Kakuma town is located on the eastern bank of Tarach River. In 2018, the town population is around 58,878 inhabitants. Kakuma refugee …
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is located in the Northern part of the country in the Red river delta. The urban districts cover an area of 304 km² with an estimated population of 3,147,000 inhabitants. Half of the districts have population densities above 20,000 inhabitants per km² while the other half below 10,000 inhabitants per km². This illustrates the variation between dense urban …
Rishikesh is an important pilgrim city on the banks of river Ganga in Dehradun district of the Indian state, Uttarakhand. In April 2018, Rishikesh Municipality (Nagar Palika Parishad) was upgraded to Rishikesh Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam). Subsequently, the municipal area, population and number of wards have increased from 10 sq.km, 70,499 people and 20 wards, to 26 sq.km, 106,320 people …
Bure is located 400 km north of the capital Addis Ababa and 148 km south west of Bahir Dar and is within the Amhara State, Western Gojjam Administrative Zone of Ethiopia. It has a total urban population of 27,386 people. The number of Open Defecation is only 2%. Nevertheless, none of the city's excreta is delivered to a treatment plant. Therefore, only 33% of the city's excreta is safely managed, …
The sanitation ladder is a useful tool that is being used to monitor progress towards the sanitation target of the MDGs. This tool could be even more useful if it can be refined to be based on the functions of sanitation systems rather than on a hierarchy of predefined sanitation technologies.
This paper presents a seven-rung function-based sanitation ladder where the functions can be broadly …
Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) such as disseminated by the Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA) are increasingly being recognized by decision makers across the world as an option for service delivery in densely populated low-income areas. However, little practical experience has been gathered methodologically on basic engineering and performance …
An overview of the partnership between Oxfam and Lifebuoy that brings together Oxfam’s humanitarian and public health response experience and Lifebuoy’s behaviour change and communications expertise to demonstrate the positive difference a public-private sector partnership can make in promoting health in vulnerable populations.
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