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The previous chapters covered how stabilisation, drying, and pathogen reduction of faecal sludge (FS) can be achieved with different treatment technologies, and combinations of these various technologies. Each treatment technology results in endproducts which need to be further treated, disposed of, or harnessed for some type of resource recovery. Endproducts, for example dried or partially dried …
Worldwide over the last years, a shift has taken place in the acceptance of faecal sludge management (FSM). It is now considered by many to be a viable solution alongside sewer-based systems in achieving citywide inclusive sanitation, and faecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) are starting to be constructed throughout Asia and Africa. For example, more than 40 FSTPs started operation in India and …
This field workbook supports the implementation of the interagency (FAO, UNICEF, WHO) “Communication for Behavioural Impact (COMBI): A toolkit for behavioural and social communication in outbreak response”. It is a handheld guide and notebook for applying the WHO COMBI methodology in 7-steps, during an outbreak. It is primarily intended for risk communication, developmental communication and …
In 2013, BMGF/DFID initiated a partnership to promote private sector participation in nonnetworked sanitation and improve capabilities of sanitation service authorities to govern these partnerships. Targeted cities were expected to have a clear mandate to provide urban services for all, including for the non-networked poor; and interest to develop and test models to engage the private sector in a …
It is well recognised that good communication and participation are prerequisites for successful community engagement in development and humanitarian action. We need more sustained dialogue and meaningful interaction with the people we serve so that they can take informed decisions and play an active or lead role in the aid they receive. So how do we get better at working alongside people …
Mahakali Municipality is in Darchula District of Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal. It is divided into nine wards and covers an area of 135.11 sq. km. It is formed by merging the former headquarters of Darchula district i.e., Khalanga, ward 4 to 17 of Api Municipality and Dattu Village Development Committee (VDC). It lies in the lesser Himalaya region with an elevation of 900 m to 3,100 m above mean …
This evaluation examines a broad national programme of ‘community-led total sanitation’ (CLTS) style sanitation interventions conducted in Timor-Leste by the government, NGOs and multi-lateral and bi-lateral stakeholders from 2012 to 2020. It was commissioned by the Government of Timor-Leste (GoTL) Ministry of Health (MoH) in collaboration with UNICEF Timor-Leste. The evaluation was conducted …
Introduction: Participants in exchange visits organized in the early 2000s were mainly men. Involving women too has become a crucial issue – if rural agricultural output is to improve it is important that women can also take part in exchange visits. These experiences will provide them with access to knowledge and information, which will gradually give them greater empowerment. Besides, women …
Access to adequate water, sanitation, drainage and solid waste disposal are four inter-related basic needs which impact significantly on socio-economic development and
quality of life. The number of people around the world who still do not have access
to these basic facilities, despite enormous global effort over more than two decades,
provides sufficient evidence that conventional approaches …
Microbial drinking-water quality testing plays an essential role in measures to protect public health. However, such testing remains a significant challenge where resources are limited. With a wide variety of tests available, researchers and practitioners have expressed difficulties in selecting the most appropriate test(s) for a particular budget, application and setting. To assist the selection …
Globally, more than a billion people, including up to 10 per cent of all children, are estimated to have a disability. More than 110 million persons with disabilities may be at risk of having poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities. Access to WASH provides direct benefits to health, social inclusion and dignity, and is fundamental to achieve human rights and development …
Children under five years can represent up to 20% of the population. In some cases children under 18 years may represent over 50% of the population. They are thus major stakeholders in all humanitarian programmes. This briefing paper describes the practical issues that need to be considered when involving children in humanitarian WASH programmes.
Analysis of the sanitation supply chain and household sanitation demand shows that growth in coverage can be stimulated by making sanitation products and services more available, attractive and affordable while at the same time overcoming the prevalent high-end facility preference.
Availability of adequate sanitation services is one of the most significant development challenges experienced in the rapidly growing Kampala city. Over 90% of Kampala’s population relies on on-site sanitation which include flush (pour and cistern) toilets, Urine Diversion Dehydrating Toilets (UDDTs), Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines (VIPs) and traditional pit latrines.
The toilets are put up …
This manual contains training materials and handouts to enable facilitators to rapidly prepare training for different levels of hygiene promoters.
It can also serve as a resource for self directed learning by both hygiene promoters and others involved in supporting or managing WASH interventions.
The paradigm for identifying the beneficiaries and understanding their needs and requirements for delivery of WASH services has evolved over time. Initially, governments started with the overarching objective of providing universal access to WASH services. During the MDG period, there was increased thrust to understand the specific needs and requirements of different population segments, in order …
A lack of decent toilets and clean water causes diarrhoeal diseases that, on average, claim the lives of almost 800 children every day – one every two minutes.
The health impacts of poor sanitation trap people in poverty, making it difficult to get an education or to work to support their families.
The State of the World’s Toilets 2017 explores how the lack of decent toilets around the …
Mwanza City, popularly known as “The Rock City”, is situated in the north-west of Tanzania on the southern shores of the Lake Victoria. Mwanza city is the second largest city in Tanzania and is the capital of Mwanza Region. The city covers an area of 256 sq.km, divided into land area covering 173 sq.km, equivalent to 67.6 % of total area and 83.0 sq.km, equivalent to 32.4 % of water area, …
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